2400960 - PREP_INPUT/CHKSYSTYPE upgrade phase fails with saplikey error

The upgrade phase PREP_INPUT/CHKSYSTYPE fails with an error:

Severe error(s) occurred in phase PREP_INPUT/CHKSYSTYPE!
Last error code set: Calling 'saplikey' failed with -1073741819

 Checking the CHKSYSTYPE.LOG file, you find further details:

1 ETQ201 Entering upgrade-phase "PREP_INPUT/CHKSYSTYPE" ("20161205091155")
2 ETQ367 Connect variables are set for standard instance access
...
1 ETQ200 Executing actual phase 'PREP_INPUT/CHKSYSTYPE'.
1 ETQ399 Valid final assembly installation numbers are ...
2 ETQ399 Calling 'saplikey' from X:\SUM\abap\exe to obtain installation number.
3 ETQ120 20161205091155: PID 6336 execute 'S:\SUM\abap\exe\saplikey "pf=\\<HOSTNAME>\sapmnt\<SAPSID>\SYS\profile\<SAPSID>_DVEBMGS00_<HOSTNAME>" -number "NAME=<SAPSID>"', output written to 'X:\SUM\abap\log\SAPLICENSE.OUT'.
3WETQ123 20161205091210: PID 6336 exited with status -1073741819 (time 0.000 real)
1EETQ399 Last error code set is: Calling 'saplikey' failed with -1073741819
1EETQ204 Upgrade phase "CHKSYSTYPE" aborted with severe errors ("20161205091210")

Windows Event viewer contains entries that indicates an error with saplikey.exe:

Faulting application name: saplikey.exe, version: 7450.315.26.11556, time stamp: 0x5817bc77
Faulting module name: ntdll.dll, version: 6.3.9600.18438, time stamp: 0x57ae642e
Exception code: 0xc0000006
Fault offset: 0x0000000000055cd8
Faulting process id: 0x30b8
Faulting application start time: 0x01d24ee6889512f4
Faulting application path: X:\SUM\abap\exe\saplikey.exe
Faulting module path: C:\WINDOWS\SYSTEM32\ntdll.dll

Remark: file version numbers, file paths, server names, <SAPSID> and <HOSTNAME> may vary!

• SAP systems based on SAP NetWeaver installed on Windows;
• Windows Server 2008 (R2) and higher;
• Not restricted to a database product and version.

sapcrypto, sapcrypto.dll, PREP_INPUT, CHKSYSTYPE, saplikey, SUM, Software Update Manager, upgradation, during upgrade, while upgrading, update, exception, c0000006, SSL, ABAP, AS, Application Server, SAPLICENSE, upgrade-phase, phase, aborted with severe errors, NETWORK ERROR, Non-cached, Paging I/O, Synchronous Paging I/O, ssf/ssfapi_lib, sec/libsapsecu, ssl/ssl_lib , KBA , BC-OP-NT , Windows , BC-UPG-TLS-TLA , Upgrade tools for ABAP , BC-MID-ICF , Internet Communication Framework , BC-SEC-SSL , Secure Sockets Layer Protocol , BC-SEC-LIK , Licence Key Administration , BC-UPG-MP , Maintenance Planning Tools , BC-IAM-SSO-CCL , CommonCryptoLib , Problem