2480863 - Login is not possible in Fiori Launchpad due to unspecified error

Fiori Launchpad has been set up for the first time. Upon launching the logon screen either:
directly via URL <protocol>://<domain>/sap/bc/ui5_ui5/ui2/ushell/shells/abap/Fiorilaunchpad.html
OR
transaction /n/ui2/flp and entering the logon credentials the following issue raises:

Without displaying an error message the user gets redirected to the logon screen, as if the logon mechanism did not pick up the logon request.

• SAP NetWeaver
• Fiori Launchpad

Fiori Launchpad; login screen; repeated logon; ushell; SICF , KBA , CA-UI2-INT-BE , Please use CA-FLP-ABA , CA-FE-FLP-EU , Please use CA-FLP-FE-UI , Problem