2601631 - SAP HANA XS Advanced xscontroller startup failed with error "hdbmdcdispatcher must be executed as root"

During the startup of the XSA engine it fails with the following exception in the xscontroller.out log file:

hdbmdcdispatcher must be executed as root! 1000
hdbmdcdispatcher stderr:
Failed to connect to local file socket "/var/lib/hdb/<SID>/ipc/hdbmdcdispatcher.00000" within timeout of 180 sec.
com.sap.hana.mdc.MdcException: Failed to connect to local file socket "/var/lib/hdb/<SID>/ipc/hdbmdcdispatcher.00000". Reason: null
[...]

Caused by: com.sap.jvm.inspector.filesocket.FileSocketException: connect0 failed (socket: )
[...]

Failed to detect hdbmdcdispatcher version.

OR

Error: hdbmdcdispatcher stdout: ERROR: hdbmdcdispatcher must be executed as root! 1002

OR

Checking mdcdispatcher availability
mdc process group exists: false
null
com.sap.hana.mdc.MdcException: Failed to start mdc process: Cannot run /usr/sap/<SID>/HDBXX/exe/mdc/hdbmdcdispatcher - execve failed (EACCES - Permission denied)

SAP HANA extended application services, advanced model (XSA)

FAIL,process, hdbxscontroller, HDB, XS, Controller, not, running, XSA, hdbmdcdispatcher, detect, socket, failed, FileSocketException, "Initialization failed: java.lang.RuntimeException: Failed to determine mdcdispatcher XSA mode availability" , KBA , BC-XS-RT , XS Advanced Runtime / XS Controller , Problem