3257555 - Cannot connect to cluster node - java.io.EOFException - AS Java node terminates with exit code 2150

Some J2EE server processes fail to start. Following entries can be seen in the logs:

dev_server:

[...]
ERROR => Java node 'server2' terminated with exit code 2150.
[...]

std_server:

[...]
Caused by: com.sap.engine.frame.cluster.message.ResponseTimedOutException: Participant [<node 2 ID>] did not return a response in the specified timeout of [100000] ms
[...]
FATAL: Critical shutdown with exit code [2150] was requested due to [AS Java cannot be started; core service [naming] failed to start]
[...]

The problematic cluster element is <node 2 ID>. <node 1>'s defaultTrace files show various exceptions like:

[...]
com.sap.engine.core.cluster.impl6.p2pnio.ConnectionHolder:
Cannot connect to cluster node [node 2 ID] host [/host2:50220] for [x] millis
[EXCEPTION]
java.io.IOException: error 104 - Connection reset by peer
[...]

[...]
Cannot connect to cluster node [<node2 ID>] host [<hostname>/<IP address>:50220] for [60000] millis
[EXCEPTION]
java.io.EOFException
at com.sap.engine.core.cluster.impl6.p2pnio.HandShaker.readHandShakeHeader(HandShaker.java:279)
at com.sap.engine.core.cluster.impl6.p2pnio.HandShaker.connect(HandShaker.java:167)
at com.sap.engine.core.cluster.impl6.p2pnio.ConnectionHolder.connect(ConnectionHolder.java:125)
at com.sap.engine.core.cluster.impl6.p2pnio.ConnectionHolder.access$100(ConnectionHolder.java:41)
at com.sap.engine.core.cluster.impl6.p2pnio.ConnectionHolder$1.run(ConnectionHolder.java:92)
at com.sap.engine.frame.core.thread.Task.run(Task.java:73)
at com.sap.engine.core.thread.impl5.SingleThread.execute(SingleThread.java:178)
at com.sap.engine.core.thread.impl5.SingleThread.run(SingleThread.java:316)
[...]

50220 is an example join port.

SAP NetWeaver Application Server Java all versions

message server, cluster management, clustering , KBA , BC-JAS-COR-CLS , Clustering , BC-NET , Obsolete - Formerly used for network tests , Problem