3267665 - Exception "No trusted certificate found" in SAP Commerce Cloud

When SAP Commerce Cloud tries to establish a HTTPS connection to another server, an exception with the message "No trusted certificate found" is thrown. The stack trace may look like this:
...
Caused by: javax.net.ssl.SSLHandshakeException: No trusted certificate found
    at sun.security.ssl.Alert.createSSLException(Alert.java:131) ~[?:?]
    at sun.security.ssl.TransportContext.fatal(TransportContext.java:353) ~[?:?]
    at sun.security.ssl.TransportContext.fatal(TransportContext.java:296) ~[?:?] 
...
Caused by: sun.security.validator.ValidatorException: No trusted certificate found
    at sun.security.validator.SimpleValidator.buildTrustedChain(SimpleValidator.java:411) ~[?:?]
    at sun.security.validator.SimpleValidator.engineValidate(SimpleValidator.java:135) ~[?:?]
    at sun.security.validator.Validator.validate(Validator.java:264) ~[?:?] 
...

SAP Commerce Cloud in the Public Cloud

SSL Certificate, TLS, Cert, Certificate Authority, CA, truststore, keystore , KBA , CEC-SCC-CLA-ENV-NWC , Network Connectivity , Problem