3583343 - Exception 'CX_OA2C_CALLER_NOT_AUTHORIZED' occurs when an OAuth Client is called by a custom code

When executing any code that creates or utilizes an OAuth Client, the following dump occurs:

Category               ABAP programming error
Runtime Errors         UNCAUGHT_EXCEPTION
Except.                CX_OA2C_CALLER_NOT_AUTHORIZED
ABAP Program           CL_OA2C_CLIENT================CP
Application Component  BC-SEC

[...]
|What happened?                                                                                    |
|    Exception 'CX_OA2C_CALLER_NOT_AUTHORIZED' was raised, but it was not caught                   |
|     anywhere along the                                                                           |
|    call hierarchy.                                                                               |
[...]

Upon analyzing the dump, the following pertinent information is identified under "Active Calls/Events":

METHOD       CL_OA2C_CLIENT================CP
CL_OA2C_CLIENT=>CREATE
EVENT        <Custom Code (Z Program)>

• SAP NetWeaver
• SAP NetWeaver Application Server for SAP S/4HANA
• ABAP PLATFORM - Application Server ABAP

CX_OA2C_CALLER_NOT_AUTHORIZED,  CL_OA2C_CLIENT, CL_OA2C_CLIENT=>CREATE, SOAUTH2_CLIENT_FACADE,  CL_OAUTH2_CLIENT, CL_OA2C_CLIENT================CP, OAuth, API, UNCAUGHT_EXCEPTION , KBA , BC-SEC-LGN-OA2 , OAuth 2.0 for ABAP , Problem